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            <title xml:lang="en">Feedback on the monitoring of a dike reinforced with Deep soil mixing technique in Loire river</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Feedback on the monitoring of a dike reinforced with Deep soil mixing technique in Loire river</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Levee Monitoring Deep soil mixing</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Deep soil mixing</term>
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              <p>As part of the Loire levees reinforcement projects, site instrumentation was carried out on one of the portions of the reinforced levee by a deep soil mixing cutoff wall in 2017. Its purpose was to monitor, over several years, the dike response in terms of water contents, suction and temperature, both in the cutoff wall and in the dike body. Thus, on a portion of the cutoff wall, the instrumentation consisted of installing 5 TDR (Time-Domain Reflectometry) probes in the trench of soil mixing in order to monitor the evolution and variations of the volumetric water content and the temperature at five different depths. Similarly, 2 TDR probes and a suction probe were installed in the body of the dike, close to the cutoff wall. In addition, a rain gauge and an outdoor temperature sensor have been installed. Two piezometers were installed, on the river side and on the land side. The long-term behaviour of the soil-cement mix forming the cutoff wall is also an important issue for design. It is required to know if the conditions of temperature and water content of this one remain stable in time so that the setting and the hardening occur under good conditions, to what extent the material is impacted by the environmental conditions and could be impacted by the constraints of climate change. In addition, the two piezometers makes it possible to follow the evolution of the permeability of the material when the level of the Loire rises at the level of the body of the dike. Monitoring also provides a more precise idea of the type of stresses the structure is subjected in terms of drying-wetting cycles during floods and drops in the level of the Loire, or weather variations.</p>
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