Pavement instrumentation sensors have become a common practice for structural monitoring. Data processing often consists of extracting different values generally representative of variations in the whole pavement, but this makes it more difficult to follow a specific characteristic of the structure. To overcome this limitation, this paper aimed to transpose an original method, labeled the Optimized Indicators Method (OIM), which consists of finding some weighting functions of a signal to evaluate some indicators linked to a physical characteristic of the structure. The main advantage of this method is that the inferred indicators are particularly sensitive to a specific characteristic of the structure without being sensitive to the others. This research work consisted of analyzing, conventionally and with the OIM, the signals of strain gauges, which were recorded during an experimental campaign carried out on a circular instrumented pavement and submitted to an accelerated fatigue testing. The OIM, calibrated through an experimental reference signal, makes it possible to evaluate independently, through weighting functions, some specific physical characteristics of the pavement. It showed a two-stepped degradation, starting with a damaging of the bituminous layer, followed by an alteration of the base layer, which could not be easily deduced from a conventional processing method.